3 Horizons Framework

Diagram of the McKinsey 3 Horizons Framework showing three time-based growth horizons: Horizon 1 β€˜Defend & Extend’ for core business, Horizon 2 β€˜Build Emerging’ for scaling opportunities, and Horizon 3 β€˜Create Viability’ for future growth. Includes focus areas, characteristics, and overlapping curves labeled 70%, 20%, and 10% to illustrate shifting value over time.”
The 3 Horizons Framework primarily addresses the strategic friction of balancing short-term operational needs with long-term growth and future planning. It helps organizations clarify their strategic direction by considering both current activities and future opportunities, addressing potential conflicts in priorities.

The 3 Horizons Framework is a strategic tool used by businesses to ensure continuous growth by managing different levels of business initiatives. Horizon 1 focuses on improving current operations, Horizon 2 on emerging opportunities, and Horizon 3 on creating future options. This framework aids in prioritizing investments and resources, ensuring that companies are not only maintaining their current market position but also investing in future growth.

Steps / Detailed Description

Identify and categorize current business activities into three horizons based on their time frame and potential for growth. | Develop strategies for each horizon: optimizing existing products and services for Horizon 1, developing new opportunities for Horizon 2, and creating visionary ideas for Horizon 3. | Allocate resources and adjust investments across all horizons to balance short-term performance with long-term growth. | Regularly review and revise the strategies and resource allocations as market conditions and company capabilities evolve.

Best Practices

Clearly define what constitutes each horizon within your organization | Ensure top management involvement and support for long-term initiatives | Regularly review and adjust the horizons as per the changing business environment

Pros

Encourages long-term thinking while maintaining short-term performance | Helps in allocating resources efficiently across different stages of growth | Facilitates innovation by systematically exploring future opportunities

Cons

Can be complex to implement without clear definitions and goals | Risk of neglecting Horizon 3 due to pressure for immediate results | Requires significant management commitment and understanding

When to Use

When planning long-term business growth strategies | In times of significant market or technological changes

When Not to Use

If the organization is in crisis mode and needs immediate survival strategies | When there is insufficient leadership commitment to support long-term initiatives

Related Frameworks

Lifecycle

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Scope not defined

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Time to Implement

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3–6 Months
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2–4 Weeks
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1–2 Days
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3–6 Months
Longer Than 6 Months
Longer Than 6 Months
Longer Than 6 Months
1–2 Weeks
Longer Than 6 Months
3–6 Months
Less Than 1 Day
3–6 Months
1–2 Months
3–6 Months
Longer Than 6 Months
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Less Than 1 Day
1–2 Weeks
3–6 Months
3–6 Months
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3–6 Months
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1–2 Days
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Longer Than 6 Months
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Longer Than 6 Months
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3–6 Months
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Less Than 1 Day
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3–6 Months
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3–6 Months
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3–6 Months
Longer Than 6 Months
1–2 Months
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1–2 Weeks
3–6 Months
1–2 Weeks
1–2 Weeks
3–6 Months
Less Than 1 Day
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1–2 Weeks
3–6 Months
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Copyright Information

Autor:
McKinsey & Company
2000
Publication:
McKinsey & Company